I&B Ministry
FDI in uplinking of TV channels
Ministry of Information & Broadcasting
PRESS NOTE: FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT (FDI) IN UP-LINKING OF TV CHANNELS
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At present, foreign direct investment (FDI) up to 49% is permitted for setting up hardware, Up-linking HUB, etc., subject to compliance with the Broadcasting Laws and Regulations and subject to the detailed guidelines for Up-linking announced by the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting from time to time.
Under the revised guidelines for Up-linking notified on 2.12.2005, the Government has decided to allow FDI in the Up-linking of TV Channels as under:
FDI up to 49% would be permitted with prior approval of the Government for setting up Up-linking HUB/ Teleports; FDI up to 100% would be allowed with prior approval of the Government for Up-linking a Non-News & Current Affairs TV Channel; FDI (including investment by Foreign Institutional Investors (FIIs) up to 26% would be permitted with prior approval of the Government for Up-linking a News & Current Affairs TV Channel subject to the condition that the portfolio investment in the form of FII/ NRI deposits shall not be “persons acting in concert” with FDI investors, as defined in the SEBI (Substantial Acquisition of Shares and Takeovers) Regulations, 1997. The Company permitted to uplink the channel shall certify the continued compliance of this requirement through the Company Secretary at the end of each financial year.
While calculating foreign equity of the applicant company, the foreign holding component, if any, in the equity of the Indian shareholder companies of the applicant company will be duly reckoned on pro-rata basis, so as to arrive at the total foreign holding in the applicant company. However, the indirect FII equity in a company as on 31st March of the year would be taken for the purposes of pro-rata reckoning of foreign holdings.
FDI for Up-linking TV Channels will be subject to compliance with the Up-linking Policy of the Government of India notified by the Ministry of Information & Broadcasting from time to time.
Department of Industrial Policy & Promotion, Ministry of Commerce & Industry, Press Note No. 01 (2006 Series), New Delhi, 17th January, 2006
I&B Ministry
CBFC speeds up film certification; average approval time cut to 22 days
Over 71,900 films cleared in five years as digital system shortens approval timelines
MUMBAI: The Central Board of Film Certification (CBFC) has significantly reduced the time taken to certify films, with the average approval timeline now down to 22 working days for feature films and just three days for short films.
Operating under the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, the statutory body certifies films for public exhibition in line with the Cinematograph Act, 1952 and the Cinematograph (Certification) Rules, 2024. The rules prescribe a maximum certification period of 48 working days, though the adoption of the Online Certification System has sharply accelerated the process.
Over the past five years, from 2020-21 to 2024-25, the board certified a total of 71,963 films across formats. Of these, the majority fell under the U category with 41,817 titles, followed by UA with 28,268 films and A with 1,878 films. No films were certified under the S category during the period.
Film approvals have also steadily risen in recent years. The CBFC cleared 8,299 films in 2020-21, a figure that peaked at 18,070 in 2022-23 before settling at 15,444 films in 2024-25. During the same period, 11,064 films were certified with cuts or modifications.
Despite the high volume of certifications, outright refusals remain rare. Only three films were denied certification over the last five years, with one refusal recorded in 2022-23 and two in 2024-25.
The board may recommend cuts or modifications if a film violates statutory parameters relating to the sovereignty and integrity of India, security of the state, friendly relations with foreign states, public order, decency or morality, defamation, contempt of court or incitement to an offence.
Filmmakers can challenge CBFC decisions in court. Data shows that such disputes remain limited but have seen some fluctuation. Between 2021 and 2025, a total of 21 certification decisions were challenged before High Courts, with the number rising to 10 cases in 2025.
Responding to a question in the Rajya Sabha, minister of state for information and broadcasting L. Murugan shared the data. The question was raised by Mallikarjun Kharge.
With faster timelines and a largely digital workflow, the certification process appears to be moving at a far brisker pace, signalling a shift towards quicker clearances for India’s growing film output.
