News Broadcasting
White paper on CAS and cable industry
NEW DELHI: The cable fraternity has prepared a status report on the industry. Reproduced below is the “white paper” the cable ops are currently circulating:
1) The cable and satellite industry came into existence in 1991 during the Gulf War. Later on with more channels being launched over the Indian space, viewers were provided a set of about five-six channels. For this they paid approximately Rs 25 to their neighbourhood boy who went on to become the cable operator.
In 1994 two pay channels were launched at a nominal rate of Rs 5 each – i.e. Star Movies and Zee Cinema.
2) Today the cable operators show anything between 70-90 channels out of which 40 are pay channels.
3) Effective this month, the rates of pay channels are as follows:
Bouquet
Channels Effective rate
a
Star
8
Rs 90
b
Sony
6 + 2 (NDTV)
Rs 65
c
Zee Turner
14
Rs 75
d
ESPN Star Sports
2
Rs 39.70
e
Ten Sports
1
Rs 32
f
Hallmark
1
Rs 4.20
g
Nickelodeon
1
Rs 3
h
B4U Movies
1
Rs 9
i
Video channels royalties
2
Rs 27
j
Cable ops charges
Rs 100
Total
Rs 444.90
4) There are an estimated 52 million cable and satellite homes in the country, and out of this Delhi accounts for approximately 800,000 cable subscribers.
5) Pay channel broadcasters collect subscription money from MSO’s every month. Those broadcasters carry out periodic increase in subscription numbers/connectivity and the bouquet rates every six month.
Every year, in January, they increased the price and in the middle of the year they increase the connectivity. Some broadcasters charge fees on a subscription base of approximately 1.8 million in Delhi out of total 800,000 cable homes.
6) The Information and Broadcasting (I&B) Ministry had recommended that pay channels be routed through a Conditional Access System (CAS) (implying use of a set-top boxes). Suitable amendments were incorporated in the Cable TV Regulation Act, which was approved by both the Houses of Parliament.
7) One of the provisions in the amendment to the Act was: if a cable operator does not encrypt the pay channels and delivers through STBs, he shall be liable to punishment under the Act, as a non-cognizable offence.
8) The basic issues being addressed by implementation of CAS were to streamline the pricing mechanism which was governed by the total number of cable and satellite homes declared to the broadcasters. Opinions showed, CAS would enable total transparency in this aspect and thereby enable the broadcasters to charge on the basis of the actual viewership and not arbitrary increase in the price, which ultimately hurts the end user.
9) With the increase in the number of channels every year, there is an added burden on the MSOs to upgrade the Cable TV Plant, thereby increasing the expenditure on capital.
10) The Cable and Satellite (C&S) industry in India has grown solely out of the efforts put in by the cable ops and the MSOs and has generated employment for thousands of people. All this has been achieved without any help from the government. Unlike other service sector industries this industry has never asked for any kind of help or protection in the form of subsidies/concessions from the government.
11) There is an urgent need to regulate this industry especially for the explicit purpose of keeping a check on the broadcasters, who keep hiking the prices.
12) For this 11-year-old broadcasting and cable distribution industry, there is only one Act – the Cable TV Regulation Act. This has led to a lot of litigations in the courts without any relief to the industry and consumers.
There is no bill pending in the Parliament to regulate this 15,000 crore industry. This prevailing chaos may help the telecom and broadband industry to take over this business and the livelihood of approximately 500,000 families in the industry.
13) Under the CAS regime, if we take the case of Chennai – a total of 800,000 subscribers have successfully implemented CAS from September 2003. Today, the total monthly charges paid by the Chennai subscribers have gone down from 200 million to 820 million per month.
Earlier, in a pre-CAS scenario, Chennai cable subscribers were paying an average of Rs 250 per month to the cable operators, but in a post-CAS scenario, majority Chennai cable subscribers are paying only Rs 72 per month. Only 10,000 subscribers are paying Rs 200 per month. That means, the benefit of balance amount of nearly Rs 120 million (approximately) is ultimately getting passed on to the subscribers due to introduction of CAS.
14) CAS implementation in Mumbai and Kolkata – though legally on – has been deferred due to heavy lobbying by pay channel broadcasters.
15) In Delhi, the high court upheld the implementation of CAS in Zone-I (the entire South Delhi area). The MSOs, in strict compliance with the directive of the court, invested about Rs 5 billion to deploying best available technologies in the world for CAS implementation.
16) During the recent Assembly elections in Delhi, BJP party head Madan Lal Khurana though supported CAS as consumer friendly – was in fact instrumental in preventing it from being implemented.
17) CAS has got an in-built revenue generation model for the state and central governments by way of entertainment and service taxes, which would be beneficial to the exchequer.
18) Some of the media reports had miscommunicated that the technology deployed is an obsolete one and not up to the required standards. In fact, the equipment being used here is the same as that used elsewhere in the world. It has been approved by the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) is said to be amongst the best in the world.
19) There are talks of broadband technology being deployed. This technology has recently moved from the design boards of the laboratory and is under test. The broadband technology is also being tested by the existing MSOs and their affiliates. However, the perfection of the technology and its economic viability will take some time to become a reality.
20) Recently a senior BJP leader Vijay Kumar Malhotra told some newspaper that MSOs are exploiting the consumers – which is gross misrepresentation of facts.
The cable industry is deploying the boxes on a bare minimum rental with deposit scheme thus subsidising the cost. MSOs have not even factored the investments made in the master control room in the price of the boxes.
Presently about 4000-5000 STBs are being deployed in the CAS notified zone every day. Subscribers who wish to watch only 60-70 free to air channels will be required to pay only Rs 72 plus taxes although these rates do not meet the basic expenses of the cable operators.
21) Finally, in the city there are following types of TV viewers:
a) Those with TV but no cable connection. They simply watch Doordarshan channels by putting up an antenna for Rs 200.
b) Those with black and white TV sets: they will be happy to watch only FTA channels.
c) Cable and satellite homes are only five-six percent. These viewers will take STB and rest of the subscribers will be happy to watch FTA channels. Most religious, music and news channels are FTA, anyway.
Deferring CAS will mean people who want to watch FTA channels for Rs 72 only, will be deprived and hence an anti-consumer move.
News Broadcasting
DNPA names Puneet Gupt chairperson; Anant Goenka steps in as vice chairperson
Leadership reset comes as digital news grapples with AI-led disruption and policy battles
NEW DELHI: India’s digital news lobby has a new pilot at the helm just as the industry stares down its next big disruption. The Digital News Publishers Association (DNPA) has named Puneet Gupt, chief operating officer at Times Internet, as chairperson, succeeding Mariam Mammen Mathew at the end of her two-year term.
Gupt, who previously served as vice chairperson, steps into the top role with deep familiarity of the body’s agenda, ensuring a smooth transition at a time when publishers are recalibrating for an AI-shaped future. Anant Goenka, executive director at The Indian Express Group, has been appointed vice chairperson, while Dhruba Mukherjee continues as treasurer.
“Digital news publishers are navigating one of the most consequential shifts the industry has ever seen, from how content is discovered to how it is valued in an AI-driven world. DNPA’s role as a unified industry voice has never mattered more. My focus will be on ensuring that our members are not just responding to these changes, but actively contributing to the policy and industry frameworks around them,” said Puneet Gupt.
Goenka underscored the need for collective action as the sector evolves. “This is an important moment for DNPA and for the digital news publishing industry in India. There is real value in publishers coming together, sharing perspectives, and building a common understanding of the opportunities and challenges ahead. I look forward to contributing to that effort with DNPA members,” he said.
Outgoing chairperson Mariam Mammen Mathew called it a timely transition. “It has been a privilege to lead DNPA at such a pivotal time for the industry. I am confident that under Puneet’s leadership, DNPA will continue to grow in influence and impact. I wish the new team every success,” she said.
Sujata Gupta, secretary general and chief executive officer at DNPA, framed the shift as a springboard for the next phase. “This transition marks an exciting new chapter for DNPA. We have spent the last few years building the credibility, relationships, and frameworks that allow us to engage meaningfully on the issues that matter most to our members. With Puneet and Anant at the helm, we are well-positioned to translate that foundation into tangible outcomes, on policy, on fair commercial frameworks, and on ensuring that digital news publishing remains a sustainable and vital part of India’s information ecosystem,” she said.
The leadership rejig lands at a moment when digital publishers are battling shifting discovery patterns, platform power and the economics of AI. For DNPA, the message is clear: the next phase will be less about reacting and more about shaping the rules of the game.
