Legal and Policies
India signs ‘mother of all’ trade deal with EU
New Delhi: India and the European Union have inked a landmark free trade agreement, a deal being hailed as the “mother of all” pacts. It promises duty-free access for over 90 per cent of Indian goods, integrates a market of nearly two billion consumers, and accounts for around a quarter of global GDP.
Commerce secretary Rajesh Agrawal confirmed negotiators had concluded an “ambitious, balanced, forward-looking and mutually beneficial” agreement. Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced the signing on Tuesday during a summit with European Council President Antonio Costa and European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen, who were chief guests at India’s Republic Day celebrations.
The deal is expected to turbocharge India-EU trade, particularly in labour-intensive sectors such as textiles, leather, chemicals, electronics and jewellery—industries that have long struggled to compete with duty-free imports from least developed countries.
The pact also sends a signal beyond Europe. The US, uneasy over India’s oil trade with Russia amid the Ukraine conflict, has taken notice. Analysts say the FTA positions India as a counterweight to protectionist policies that rattled global trade under Donald Trump.
“This is a perfect example of a partnership between two major economies…representing 25 per cent of global GDP and a third of world trade,” Modi said, adding that the deal reinforces shared commitments to democracy and the rule of law.
#WATCH | Prime Minister Narendra Modi says, “This agreement empowers our shared commitment towards democracy and rule of law. This Free Trade Agreement with the European Union will also complement Britain and EFTA’s agreements…I congratulate the people of the nation for this”… pic.twitter.com/30d2fYMxAc
— ANI (@ANI) January 27, 2026
Negotiations, relaunched in June 2022 after nearly a decade-long hiatus, now yield a pact that could redefine global commerce—India and Europe are not just trading partners, they are rewriting the rules of the game.
Legal and Policies
India’s new income tax law and higher F&O levies take effect from 1st April
A sweeping overhaul of the tax code, stiffer securities transaction taxes and relief for travellers and tech firms all land at once
NEW DELHI: India’s tax landscape shifts gears on Tuesday. The Income-tax Act, 2025, which replaces the Income-tax Act, 1961, comes into force from April 1, 2026, alongside a clutch of budgetary measures that will be felt by traders, tourists, technology firms and ordinary taxpayers alike.
The new Act is not a reinvention of tax policy so much as a tidying up of it. Gone is the unwieldy distinction between the assessment year and the previous year; in its place comes a single “tax year” framework designed to be more logical and reader-friendly. Taxpayers will also, for the first time, be able to claim tax deducted at source refunds even when income tax returns are filed after the deadline, without incurring penal charges.
For those who trade derivatives, however, the news is less comfortable. Securities transaction tax on futures contracts rises to 0.05 per cent from 0.02 per cent, while STT on options premiums and the exercise of options is hiked to 0.15 per cent from 0.1 per cent and 0.125 per cent respectively. The government has made no secret of its intent: the higher levy is aimed squarely at curbing speculative bets in the futures and options segment and shielding retail investors from ruinous losses. The numbers tell a grim story. The number of individual investors active in the F&O segment fell from 1.06 crore in FY25 to about 75.43 lakh by December 2025. A Sebi study found that individual investors had racked up net losses of more than Rs 1.05 lakh crore in FY25 alone.
Overseas travellers and those remitting money abroad for medical and education purposes get some relief. Tax collected at source on overseas tour packages has been slashed to 2 per cent from 20 per cent, while TCS on Liberalised Remittance Scheme transfers for medical and educational purposes drops to 2 per cent from 5 per cent.
The data centre industry, too, has reason to cheer. Any foreign company procuring data centre services in India will enjoy a 20-year tax holiday stretching to 2047, shielding its global income from Indian tax authorities. Whether a global firm sets up its own facility or simply buys services from an Indian data centre, the tax treatment will be identical, ensuring a level playing field. India’s effective corporate tax rate stands at 25.17 per cent.
Software companies get a further fillip: the safe harbour threshold for IT services has been raised sharply from Rs 300 crore to Rs 2,000 crore, a move designed to reduce litigation and give the sector greater certainty.
On the transition, the income tax department has confirmed that its e-filing portal will handle compliance under both the old and new Acts during the switchover period. Taxpayers filing returns for assessment year 2026-27, which covers the period governed by the old Act, will do so in July 2026 using the old forms. Advance tax payments for tax year 2026-27, commencing from June 2026, will follow the new Act.
One sweeping law, several sharp edges, and a deadline that waits for no one.
