Indiantelevision.com's News Room interview Star News editor & director of news Uday Shankar
 
"For a news channel, credibility is most valuable but speed is what you are"
(Posted on 19 April 2004)
"We want to help the voters to make a more informed choice." That is Uday Shankar's take on Star News' election coverage. After taking over from Sanjay Pugalia as the news director in the third week of February, Shankar is all geared to take on coverage of the Lok Sabha elections. In the current situation, where the event is looked upon as crucial make or break point for the electronic media, Star News seems to have been ready with its election strategy for quite a while now.

Armed with the "Aapko Rakhe Aage" tagline, the channel is looking at tackling the election from the voter's point of view. In a tête-à-tête with indiantelevision.com's Trupti Ghag, Shankar talked about what exactly the elections mean to the channel, the ethical dilemmas involved, and more. Excerpts:

 

What is Star News' take on election programming? What is it that the audience can expect from the coverage?
We want to give a fresh perspective to the election; tell people about the great Indian election. No where in the world are there so many voters involved and the nature of the process so diverse; we want to give people a slice of that. Also, it is the first heavily televised parliamentary election.

 

So how is the competition?
Competition is good, strong. But we don't believe in competing. We are looking at the election, the way a voter looks at the election. We want to help them make a more informed choice.

 

Since it is the first time that the channel would be covering the parliamentary election, how did you go about grooming the journalists?
In a news channel, there is no specific need to groom the journalists for an election. Political coverage is our bread and butter. Also, the assembly elections in November-December were actually the dry runs. Star News has done a lot of its progression around the assembly election; whether in terms of concept or resources or organisation of production like graphics, the foundation was laid. So when I came in the middle of February, I found that preparation had already been done, I just needed to take the baton forward. The Star News journalistic team is a sound team and we have some real experienced people on air and off air.

 

Being a mentor to the journalist team, is there a list of do's and don'ts that you lay down?
Not really. But during elections, the environment is more competitive. Also with the viewers getting mature by the day, the journalists need to work towards improving reports and that is where my role comes in. I have asked my anchors to constantly monitor every bit of political development in the country. To make the task easier, we have divided the entire work force into functional units, each looking after specific programmes, for more cohesive and focused responses.

My job, as the team leader, is to constantly review and interact with the team and see where we need to pull up our socks or refocus our attention. Ours is a very open system, everybody can pitch in their ideas, and wherever a little sharpening is needed, we do it.

 

What is the unique thing that you have to offer, especially in your election coverage? What would you like to have established with the election coverage?
Star News is a very youthful channel, and it has set new standards of coverage in many directions. Our motto is viewers before anything else. So far, the elections coverage has been done from the point of view of the political leaders. Our focus is very clearly the people. That is one big difference.

By the end of the election coverage, we expect that we would have contributed towards better understanding of the Indian political process and the Indian democracy. If we succeed in doing that, then we would have got in a very committed set of viewers who would trust the channel for explaining politics and political process both in a language and from a perspective that they find useful.

 
"By the end of the election coverage, we expect that we would have contributed towards better understanding of the Indian political process and the Indian democracy"

And how exactly would you go about doing that?
We take any event happening, deconstruct it, analyse it, give the ramifications and leave the viewers to decide. We don't want to tell them whether a party is better or a politician is worse. We just want to show every little side, unknown facets, and news that other media gloss over. We just want to investigate, dig and present the whole spectrum. And then, Indian television viewers are mature enough to make up their minds.

Is this approach incidentally because the target viewers belong to SEC A, B, C groups?
No. It is irrespective of that.

 

Does TV journalism have an edge over print?
To a great extent, yes. In print, it is the word as understood and expressed by the writer that people see, so they have only his word to go by. TV gives you the word, the picture and the sound. The biggest strength of TV is that rather than bringing the news to viewers, it takes the viewer to the news. Audiences are transported to the spot where news is happening.

 

But isn't television far more superficial a medium? Owing to the constraints of the medium, you tend to skim over the news rather than offering an in-depth analysis.
I would disagree. What passes off as analysis or depth of coverage in print is actually a lot of unsubstantiated opinion and bias. In television, there are no informed sources. Also one needs to understand that TV, unlike print, is a background activity. It has to be sharp, pithy and focused. It cannot afford to go into laborious, detailed rambling descriptions, which print can.

 

Will the habit of reading newspapers every morning ever be replaced by switching on the television?
No, both cater to different audiences. While the national newspapers are becoming more regional, more local, TV is becoming more cosmopolitan. TV and print are not competing. Although morning is a prime time for news channels, TV is not much watched as heard in the mornings. Only if you find something interesting would you crane your neck.

 
"While the national newspapers are becoming more regional, more local; TV is becoming more cosmopolitan"

TV journalism is always about being first. So how do you maintain a balance between speed and accuracy?
That is the challenge and I take pride in saying that Star News has never been wrong on that. We have been fast and we have been accurate. That comes from the training we put our journalists through, the filters we apply in the news room to insure that while we do not compromise on the speed, we do not go wrong either.

As for speed, we ensure that the journalists who are gathering the news are allowed to move fast. People who support them, are trained to work equally fast and in tandem.

 

What about the time during the Mumbai blasts last year where Star News initially reported that there were six blasts, where as there were only two?
That was not a mistake. Look at what happened on 9/11 in the US, figures varied from one news channel to another. When you are reporting live news, there is no way that you can verify it; you have to rely on the official source. You are not there on the location when it happened.

Star News reports were based on two authoritative sources, the cops and the eye witness. There was panic and sometimes during panic, even echoes are often mistaken for actual blasts. Also, the channel didn't say that there were six blasts in different locations; Star News said that there were six blasts on two locations.

 

Would you say that accuracy was compromised because of the need to be first?
There is no need to be first. Although TV news' basic philosophy is speed and to be first is a necessary condition, nobody compromises on accuracy. It is accuracy that brings you credibility.

Two or three years ago, some news channels got a couple of stories wrong. Their credibility took a beating and they haven't yet recovered from that shock. Credibility is most valuable but speed is what you are.

 

Doesn't television have the power to sway people's opinion?
I would like to believe that television does. It makes me feel powerful. But by saying this, I would be saying that people are incredibly stupid, which is definitely not the fact.

 
But isn't it true that anchors today have become icons?
Maybe the anchors have become icons, but people have become far more assertive. Today's generation has an extremely independent mind and if media could sway them, then all political parties would just have to influence the media. Why should Mehbooba Mufti risk her life, she should just come and convince me!
 

Even if you want to promote her candidature, you could not. Since you are governed by the election commission?
There are no EC laws to govern the news channels. Channels are governed in the same way as print is, by its own laws. To broadcast a channel, you need a license from the ministry of information and broadcasting. During that process, the channel can enter into a certain agreement, which is about journalistic integrity, fairness, and ethics, that's it.

The EC has decided to assume big authority, but it has none. EC's mandate is very simple - hold free and fair elections that's as far as the Indian government allows...

 
"As journalists, we do not have a license to sit and judge"
What is your personal opinion about the political ads, should they be allowed to air?
I think political ads should be allowed. First of all, it's impossible to ban it; secondly it is discriminatory because you are not dissuading the newspaper and other form of media to do so. And what about the posters; they have a big reach. If you were to put about 10,000 posters in Delhi, you reach many more people, repeatedly and for much longer time. There is no way you can ban that. EC should spend its energy and resources in developing a code for right kind of political adverting instead. All you need to do is ensure that wrong kind of advertising does not happen.
 
What about the general advertising?
The advertising agencies, the broadcasters and the manufacturers all walk together and evolve their code. If an ad is found offensive to popular taste then you see an outcry and it is withdrawn. There is no EC to monitor that, then why now?
 
What about Star News' personal code of conduct?
We have a very strong personal code of conduct.
 
If people are not contesting then they can just about shoot off anything. How do you screen that so that you don't sound like propaganda vehicle yourself?
Firstly, you don't screen because people who are called in represent an organisation, which is not banned. The representative is accountable for what he or she says. It is a difficult proposition for a news channel or for an editor, but where do you draw the line? I am not holding a candle to anybody. If X is saying something that I think is offensive or not in the national interest and I repeatedly try to put a stop to that, then we get to an Emergency like situation.

The ethical responsibility of a channel like Star News is to get the counter proposition. If we don't, then we get into a risk of presenting a lop-sided view of the story. So X says something about Y then you must get Y's point of view. But if we unilaterally decide that we will black out X point of view, it is not the right assessment.

As journalists, we do not have a license to sit and judge. We are communicators and we should try and give a complete picture.
 
In a hypothetical situation, if a religious group or cult is holding a rally and propagating inflammatory statement against another, even urging the masses to burn the houses of the other group, will you carry that story?
I would certainly not ignore that story but I would give it a different perceptive. It is a story about incitement of violence for me. I would try and assess what the law and government has done about it. If it is being said in a rally, it is difficult to keep it in wraps. And hence you should present the correct picture and say that it is wrong and following are the people at fault.

I don't think channels are being misused for violent propaganda. Biases exist and there is no way of curbing them. But I don't think that the channels are opening themselves to subversive and anti national views. If you ignore the story completely, you are shutting your eyes to the storm.
 
Should journalists have an opinion?
A journalist should have an opinion and he or she should keep it to himself or herself. It should, in no way, be allowed to affect the story.
 
Did you hire some more reporters, especially for the election? Short term, freelancers or otherwise?
No, we haven't hired any freelancers. Our technology is advanced and short term hiring does not suit us. Training processes itself- learning to cope with the technology, imbibing editorial learning's- take a fairly long time. Also, trained work force is not available off the shelf.
 
Have you thought about life beyond election?
Yes. It is challenging. In news channel business, you are always in a Formula One race. We are looking at some new programming.
 
Is there a space for more news channels on the Indian electronic media horizon?
Oh yes. The news business in India is still very underdeveloped. The news universe in India is still very underdeveloped. I have always felt that if fiction can be so exciting, then news should be more so. Because it is far more diverse, far more colourful, challenging and it is far more real.
 
But it is often said that Indians don't really like reality?
I don't think so. Why do you think that when something happens, then the viewership rises? It is all in how you tell the story, it is a visual medium. I think we are yet to master that.
 
How has the last year been? What are the challenges before the channel in the year ahead?
We are the only channel, other than Aaj Tak, that has crossed 20 mark on the TAM rating. Also as a channel, Star News is really one year old and for a one year old baby, it is a very healthy. The problem with licensing brought uncertainty, which dampened the morale but thankfully that's all behind us. We now plan to build on our strengths. We have a couple of plans for year ahead.
 
Is launching an English news channel one of them?
Of course! But we are not just looking at English news channels, we have a couple more planned.
 
 
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